Molding multi-layered articles using coinjection techniques

ABSTRACT

A multi-cavity coinjection mold and method for simultaneously producing a plurality of multi-layered articles comprising: a mold structure defining a plurality of mold cavities; a first supply source for supplying metered amounts of a first molding material; a second supply source for supplying metered amounts of a second molding material; a hot runner system in communication with the first and second supply sources for conveying the metered amounts of the first and the second materials separately to a region proximate each of the cavities; a valve mechanism per cavity for receiving the metered amounts of the first and second materials from the hot runner system and for sequentially supplying desired quantity of the first and second materials contiguously to each cavity.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to coinjection molding and particularlyrelates to an improved apparatus for simultaneously molding a pluralityof multi-layered articles.

DEFINITIONS

As used herein:

"First and second materials" is intended to cover at least two materialswhich are sequentially supplied to an injection mold, it being entirelypossible that one or more other materials may be sequentially suppliedbefore, between, or after the first and second materials;

"Balanced Hot Runner" is a temperature controlled heated uninterruptedmaterial conveying system extending from a single input (e.g. a materialsource or metering valve) to a plurality of outputs (e.g. meteringvalves or injection mold cavities) comprising a single passage branchedinto a plurality of passages with each of said plurality of passages,communicating with one of the plurality of outputs, for conveyingmaterial therethrough to simultaneously supply equal quantities of thematerial to each of the outputs;

"Unbalanced Hot Runner" is a temperature controlled heated materialconveying system, for the passage of material from an input (e.g.material supply source) to a plurality of outputs (e.g. metering valvesfor metering the material for supply of metered quantities of thematerial to injection mold cavities), which is not branched to providepassages of identical cross-section and length and does not divide thesupplied material into equal quantities for the simultaneous supply ofthese quantities each to one of outputs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The manufacture of pure, or virgin, resin preforms for blow moldingcontainers is well known within the prior art. But since the advent ofrecycling, it is now possible to manufacture preforms with materialsthat are compositionally less pure than virgin materials. Such degraded,or recycled, materials not only yield positive environmental benefits inan ecologically fragile era but provide manufacturers with analternative manufacturing method which allows for substantial reductionsin costs.

But, since recycled materials are obtained from post consumer solidwaste, certain new manufacturing problems have been encountered thatwere heretofore previously unknown. For example, manufacturers must nowprovide, at increased costs, additional equipment for keeping the virginand recycled materials separate from each other. In addition,multi-layered articles, such as preforms, that are eventually used toform containers for food stuffs, have even further impediments by way ofrigid statutory guidelines. The guidelines, enacted by the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA), require that certain minimums must be met, orexceeded, before the containers can be approved as "qualified" tocontain food stuffs and before the foods are allowed to be distributedto the consumer population. One extremely noteworthy FDA provisionenacted theretowards provides for the assurance of product"cleanliness".

Currently, in order to meet the FDA cleanliness standards, a containermust be configured such that only surfaces of virgin materials contactthe foods and beverages therein. Other container surfaces, such as areasfor contacting the human mouth, e.g. the dispensing orifice on a sodacontainer, also require virgin material surfaces. As a result, it iseconomically desirable to provide manufacturers with a apparatus capableof utilizing recycled materials within containers while, at the sametime, preventing recycled materials from contacting the very foods andliquids that are to be distributed to, and consumed by, the public.

Some advances towards the aforementioned goal have been attained byusing coinjection molding techniques to manufacture multi-layeredcontainers. The multi-layered containers thence produced have interiorand exterior surfaces of the container comprised of virgin materialswhile the fill and support materials located within the interior of thecontainer walls comprise the degraded, less than pure, recycledmaterials. Consequently, the economies and conservation of utilizingrecycled materials is thereby achieved while simultaneously meeting thestrict FDA statutory requirements.

Prior art coinjection molding techniques that produce the multi-layeredcontainers described above, often first manufacture a multi-layeredpreform and then blow mold the preform into the final container. Theformation of multi-layered containers are described in detail, forexample, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,550,043 and 5,221,507.

Typically, the preforms are injection molded in multi-cavity molds whichmay have as many as 96 cavities. These preforms are then simultaneouslyproduced by injecting appropriate amounts of a first and secondmaterial, i.e. virgin and recycled, into each of the cavities. To thisend, the mold defines a manifold arrangement to convey the two materialsto each of the singular cavities. Such an arrangement, as in Applicant'sprior patents, is known to convey each of the first and second materialsinto a singular hot runner before contiguously conveying the materialsto the cavities. The combination then allows for a reduction inequipment costs due to the singular hot runner arrangement. The singularconduit repeatedly divides the materials flowing therein into aplurality of flow paths for delivery to each cavity and to therebyultimately provide each cavity with a substantially equal amount ofmetered material at substantially the same temperature and atsubstantially the same time as every other cavity. Yet, with moldarrangements containing large numbers of cavities, such as withforty-eight and ninety-six cavities, the two materials contiguouslyflowing within a singular conduit have been known to have interfaceboundary problems between the virgin and recycled materials whenconveyed over lengthy distances.

Other prior art multi-cavity mold apparatus, that use coinjectionmolding to form multi-layered preforms, utilize molds in which acompletely separate manifold system for each material, i.e. virgin andrecycled, is used to separately convey that specific material to thesingular cavities. The separate materials are then, either, injectedsimultaneously into the cavities using concentric nozzles or injectedsequentially into the cavities utilizing a valve arrangement closelyadjacent each cavity to control the flow from the separate manifoldsinto the multi-orifice nozzles. Such arrangements result in molds thatare expensive and complex. In addition, such molds result indifficulties in controlling the temperature of the material to beinjected into the cavity in a manner such that each mold receives anaccurately metered quantity of material at substantially the sametemperature.

Prior art injection molding systems for molding preforms simultaneously,with molding material supplied by way of a balanced hot runner, in aplurality of like cavities have utilized cavities in multiples of two inorder to simplify the simultaneous supply of the materials, in equalamounts, to the cavities.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide amethod and apparatus that yields a delivery method for a first andsecond material that delivers the respective materials at substantiallythe same temperature and at reduced costs while conveying substantiallyequal amounts of the respective materials at substantially simultaneousdelivery times.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a moredistinct division between the recycled and pure materials beingcontiguously conveyed within the same conduit to the individual moldcavities in order to more accurately provide a substantially equivalentamount of molding materials to each cavity.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method andapparatus using a multi-cavity coinjection mold which avoids the complexconstruction and expense of prior art multi-cavity coinjection molds andwhich provides a low cost, relatively simple, easy to regulate moldwhich is suitable for use on existing machinery at minimal conversioncosts.

It is a further object of the invention to facilitate the use ofinjection molding systems for molding preforms simultaneously inpluralities of cavities of any number, odd as well as even (e.g. 4, 5,10, 11, etc.).

These and other objects are achieved by providing an apparatus andmethod that utilizes a first hot runner manifold system which keeps atleast one of a plurality of molding materials, virgin and recycled, forexample, physically separated until they have been conveyed to locationsadjacent individual cavities. Once conveyed to these locations, themolding materials are combined by a timed valve distribution mechanism,one per cavity, to produce a contiguous sequence of molding materialcomprised of metered quantities of the different materials. Thecontiguous quantities of material may then be conveyed through a secondhot runner manifold system for injection simultaneously and sequentiallyinto the individual cavities in desired amounts of the materials toproduce a plurality of similar multi-layered preforms.

According to the invention there is provided a multi-cavity coinjectionmold for simultaneously producing a plurality of multi-layered articlescomprising: a mold structure defining a plurality of mold cavities; afirst supply source for supplying a first molding material; a secondsupply source for supplying a second molding material; a hot runnersystem in communication with said first and second supply sources forconveying said first and said second materials separately to a regionproximate each cavity; a valve mechanism per cavity for receiving saidfirst and said second materials from said first hot runner system andfor sequentially supplying desired quantities of said first and saidsecond materials contiguously to a hot runner for each cavity, whereineach hot runner communicates with a single cavity only; and atemperature control means for maintaining the desired respectivetemperatures of said hot runner system, hot runners and said cavities.

Also according to the invention there is provided a multi-cavitycoinjection mold for simultaneously producing a plurality ofmulti-layered articles comprising: a mold structure defining a pluralityof mold cavities; a first supply source for supplying a first moldingmaterial; a second supply source for supplying a second moldingmaterial; a hot runner system in communication with said first andsecond supply sources for conveying said first and said second materialsseparately to a region proximate each cavity, the hot runner systemcomprising at least one unbalanced hot runner; a valve mechanism percavity, each valve mechanism being arranged to receive said first andsaid second materials from said hot runner system and for sequentiallysupplying desired quantities of said first and said second materialscontiguously to its associated cavity; and a temperature control meansfor maintaining the desired respective temperatures of said hot runnersystem and said cavities.

Also according to the invention there is provided a method ofmulti-cavity coinjection molding for simultaneously producing aplurality of multi-layered articles comprising the steps of: providing amold structure defining a plurality of mold cavities; providing a firstsupply source for supplying a first molding material; providing a secondsupply source for supplying a second molding material; separatelyconveying said first and second material through a hot runner systemfrom said first and second supply sources to a valve mechanismindividual to and proximate each cavity; operating the valve mechanismsto sequentially supply desired quantities of said first and said secondmaterials contiguously to a hot runner individual to each cavity; andcontrolling the temperatures of said hot runner system, hot runners andsaid cavities.

Also according to the invention there is provided a method ofmulti-cavity molding simultaneously producing a plurality ofmulti-layered articles comprising the steps of: providing a moldstructure defining a plurality of mold cavities; providing a firstsupply source for supplying a first molding material; providing a secondsupply source for supplying a second molding material; separatelyconveying said first and second materials through an hot runner system,comprising at least one unbalanced hot runner from said first and secondsupply sources to a valve mechanism individual to and proximate eachcavity; operating the valve mechanisms to sequentially supply desiredquantities of said first and said second materials contiguously to eachcavity; and controlling the temperatures of said hot runner system andsaid cavities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with referenceto the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a multi-cavity sequentialcoinjection mold system according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a valve to cavity variationfrom that shown in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of another embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a cavity mold 10 for thesequential coinjection molding of multi-layered preforms for the blowmolding of multi-layered containers comprising interior and exteriorsurfaces of a virgin material (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, PET) isillustrated as having four cavities 12. It will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art that, in practice, the multi-cavity mold 10 depictedmay have a greater number of cavities including both odd (e.g. 71) oreven (e.g. 96) numbers. Four cavities 12 are used in this example tosimplify explanation of the present invention which is applicable tomolds having any number of cavities. Each cavity 12 is itself well knownto those skilled in the art and is not described in detail herein. Atthe base of each cavity is a gate 14 through which passes the materialswhich will form the preform in that particular cavity. Connected to eachgate 14 is a nozzle 16 having a cross section area of decreasingmagnitude the nearer the cross section of nozzle 16 is to gate 14. Theparticular cross section is a function of the properties of materialsconveyed and of how much material is to be injected. All of which arewell known within the art.

The mold 10 defines a plurality of hot runners 18 each for conveyingsequential quantities of alternating first and second molding materialscontiguously from a timed valve mechanism 20, one for each cavity.

In operation, each timed valve mechanism 20, which provides thematerials to the hot runners 18, receives first and second materialsthrough a manifold system 24 which comprises unbalanced hot runners 25and 27. The first and second materials are supplied by plasticizers 26and 28 under control of ram pots 30 and 32, respectively. Each timedvalve mechanism 20 switches between two discrete positions correspondingto runners 25 and 27 so that the two materials are sequentially suppliedcontiguously to the hot runner 18 of the associated cavity. Each valvemechanism 20 may also switch back and forth between a third discreteposition wherein no material is allowed to flow by valve mechanism 20 toits hot runner 18. Also, if more than two materials are utilized eachvalve mechanism would have operating positions corresponding to thenumber of materials used.

The valve mechanisms 20 are closely adjacent their respective cavities12. It will be appreciated that separate conveyance of the first andsecond materials to the valve mechanisms proximate their, respectivecavities will minimize any interface boundary difficulties between thefirst and second materials since the two materials are not contiguouswithin a singular conduit prior to reaching the valve mechanisms. Oncecombined by the valve mechanisms 20, the distance traveled by thecontiguous first and second materials within the hot runners 18 isminimal and the difficulties of lengthy contiguous travel are minimized.Simultaneously, equipment cost advantages are realized since each hotrunner 18 is a single undivided channel dedicated to a single cavity. Inaddition, hot runner manifold system 24 need not be a balancedconveyance system.

Timing control mechanism 40 facilitates the coordination of simultaneousswitching of the plurality of valve mechanisms 20 so that substantiallyequal amounts of the materials will be supplied simultaneously to eachindividual cavity 12. Timing mechanism 40 may be any one of a variety ofelectromechanical mechanisms as will be well known to those skilled inthe art and will not be described here in detail.

Further construction details of mold 10, particularly its hot runners,together with the heating and cooling arrangements therefore are alsoconventional within this technology and will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art. Likewise, the plasticizers and ram pots are ofconventional construction as are the general engineering details ofvalve mechanisms. Accordingly, these matters are again not describedherein in detail.

It will be further appreciated by those skilled in the art that theseparate and distinct hot runners 25, 27 may be used to convey differentmaterials from respective plasticizers 26 and 28 wherein the materialssupplied from the plasticizers are of substantially different processingtemperatures. Such an alternative arrangement, while providing distincthot runners for materials of differing temperatures, may also be used ifthe materials are of the same processing temperature. The temperaturecontrol means used for each hot runner system 24 would then be adjustedto the same temperatures. In either event, the conveyance of thespecific materials are again kept separate until conveyed to theappropriate proximate cavity regions. Conveyed first and secondmaterials are then likewise supplied to a timed valve distributionsystem 20 for combining the materials into hot runners 18, nozzles 16and eventually to the appropriate individual cavity 12.

In FIG. 2, the nozzle 16 is closely adjacent the valve mechanism 20 withthe passage between the nozzle 16 and the gate 14 leading to the cavity12 being part of the hot runner 18.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment in which reference number 90indicates, in diagrammatic form, an assembly comprising a cavity, gate,nozzle, hot runner and valve mechanisms similar to those numbered 12,14, 16, 18 and 20 in FIG. 1.

In this embodiment, four plasticizers 70, 72, 74 and 76, which may haveassociated ram pots (not shown in FIG. 5), separately supply a pluralityof up to four different materials to diverter valves 78 and 80 formetering and supply to balanced hot runners 82 and 84 for the contiguoussupply of materials from plasticizers 70, 76 and 72, 74, respectively,to the valve mechanism of the assemblies 90, for metering thereby toprovide the contiguous supply thereof through the hot runners of theassemblies 90 to the cavities thereof in a manner substantially aspreviously described herein with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Asmentioned materials from different plasticizers could be the same.

Although the embodiment of FIG. 3 illustrates the use of fourplasticizers 70, 72, 74 and 76 and two balanced hot runners 82, 84associated respectively with diverter valves 78, 80, it will beappreciated that two or more plasticizers could be arranged to supplytwo or more different plastics materials to a combination of unbalancedand balanced hot runners with each balanced hot runner being suppliedwith plastics materials by way of a diverter valve (e.g. 78, 80).

In an embodiment employing an unbalanced hot runner and a balanced hotrunner the plasticizers may provide three different materials, forexample, virgin PET recycled PET and another material, such as a barriermaterial. Alternatively, two of the plasticizers could supply virginPET. In either circumstance virgin PET is supplied separately by way ofthe unbalanced hot runner to the valve mechanisms of the assemblies 90while the other materials are metered by a diverter valve to thebalanced hot runner for contiguous flow therethrough to supply thematerials simultaneously and sequentially in equal quantities to thevalve mechanisms of the assemblies 90 for metering, with the virgin PETfrom the unbalanced hot runner, to provide the contiguous supply of thematerials from the valve mechanisms of the assemblies 90. Operation ofall of the valves is preferably synchronized to ensure appropriatematerial metering.

In the event of the material from two of the materials both being virginPET, this arrangement can advantageously be used to supply virgin PETthrough an unbalanced hot runner to valve mechanisms of the assemblies90 without any possible contamination by the recycled PET, thereby tofacilitate the formation of the inner surface of a multi-later articlemolded in the cavities and to supply virgin and recycled PET through abalanced hot runner for use in the article where contamination of thevirgin PET is less critical.

It will be appreciated that, for example, a single plasticizer could beused to supply the same material to both the unbalanced hot runner andthe diverter valve of the balanced hot runner and that similarvariations are possible in other embodiments. In addition the balancedhot runners 82, 84 may be identical, in order to balance the contiguoussupply of metered material therethrough, or may be different from eachother and/or controlled at different temperatures to provide desiredcharacteristics of material flow to the cavities.

The valve mechanisms may be provided with an "off" or closed position aswell as a position for the introduction of each material sequentiallyand contiguously into the manifold 33.

Of course it will be appreciated that diverter valve operation could beadjusted, if injection molding in different cavity groups is unbalancedthereby causing non-uniform layers and or parts from cavity group tocavity group, by sequentially operating the valves and/or changing valvetiming to adjust material flow from one cavity group to another, forexample, so that cavity groups that would receive the most materialwould have their diverter valve operation delayed to compensate andbalance the flow of material to the groups.

One of the materials may be recycled PET or a barrier material e.g.ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) disposed intermediate polyester layers ofthe article.

In arrangements utilizing an unbalanced hot runner system for supplyingthe diverter valves 20 as illustrated in FIG. 1, the possibility ofproviding the diverter valves 20 at or closely adjacent the gates 14 andof utilizing thermal diverter valves at the gates emerges.

We is claim is:
 1. A multi-cavity coinjection mold for simultaneouslyproducing a plurality of multi-layered articles comprising:a moldstructure defining a plurality of mold cavities; a first supply sourcefor supplying a first molding material; a second supply source forsupplying a second molding material; a hot runner system incommunication with said first and second supply sources for conveyingsaid first and said second materials separately to a region proximateeach cavity; a valve mechanism per cavity for receiving said first andsaid second materials from said first hot runner system and forsequentially supplying desired quantities of said first and said secondmaterials contiguously to a hot runner for each cavity, wherein each hotrunner communicates with a single cavity only; and a temperature controlmeans for maintaining the desired respective temperatures of said hotrunner system, hot runners and said cavities.
 2. A multi-cavitycoinjection mold according to claim 1, wherein each valve mechanism is atwo position valve.
 3. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according toclaim 1, wherein each valve mechanism is at least a three position valvewherein one of said positions is an off position.
 4. A multi-cavitycoinjection mold according to claim 1, further comprising a nozzlebetween each valve mechanism and a gate leading into an associatedcavity.
 5. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 4 whereinthe nozzle of each cavity leads to the gate via a passage defining partof the hot runner of that cavity.
 6. A multi-cavity coinjection moldaccording to claim 5 wherein the nozzle of each cavity is adjacent theassociated valve mechanism.
 7. A multi-cavity coinjection mold accordingto claim 1, further comprising a timing control mechanism forcoordinating the timing of the valve mechanisms.
 8. A multi-cavitycoinjection mold according to claim 7 wherein the timing controlmechanism synchronizes operation of the valve mechanisms.
 9. Amulti-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 1 wherein the valvemechanism each have at least three operating states, i) namely, tosupply the first plastic material, ii) to supply the second plasticsmaterial, and iii) an off position.
 10. A multi-cavity coinjection moldfor simultaneously producing a plurality of multi-layered articlescomprising:a mold structure defining a plurality of mold cavities; afirst supply source for supplying a first molding material; a secondsupply source for supplying a second molding material; a hot runnersystem in communication with said first and second supply sources forconveying said first and said second materials separately to a regionproximate each cavity, the hot runner system comprising at least oneunbalanced hot runner; a valve mechanism per cavity, each valvemechanism being arranged to receive said first and said second materialsfrom said hot runner system and for sequentially supplying desiredquantities of said first and said second materials contiguously to itsassociated cavity; and a temperature control means for maintaining thedesired respective temperatures of said hot runner system and saidcavities.
 11. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 10wherein each valve mechanism supplies the desired quantities of saidfirst and said second materials contiguously to the associated cavity byway of a hot runner individual to that associated cavity.
 12. Amulti-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 10, wherein each valvemechanism is a two position valve.
 13. A multi-cavity coinjection moldaccording to claim 10, wherein each valve mechanism is at least a threeposition valve in which one of said positions is an off position.
 14. Amulti-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 10, further comprisinga nozzle between each valve distribution mechanism and a gate leadinginto an associated cavity.
 15. A multi-cavity coinjection mold accordingto claim 14 wherein the nozzle of each cavity leads to the associatedgate by a passage defining part of the hot runner manifold of thatcavity.
 16. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 15wherein the nozzle of each cavity is adjacent the associated valvemechanism.
 17. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 10,further comprising a timing control mechanism for coordinating thetiming of said valve mechanisms.
 18. A multi-cavity coinjection moldaccording to claim 17 wherein the timing control mechanism synchronizesoperation of the valve mechanisms.
 19. A multi-cavity coinjection moldaccording to claim 10 wherein the valve mechanisms each have at leastthree operating states, i) namely, to supply the first plastic material,ii) to supply the second plastics material, and iii) an off position.20. A multi-cavity coinjection mold according to claim 10 wherein thehot runner system comprises at least one balanced hot runner connectedto receive at least two molding materials from at least two differentmaterial sources by way of a diverter valve and to convey those at leasttwo materials contiguously for the simultaneous supply thereof in equalquantities to all of the valve mechanisms.
 21. A multi-cavitycoinjection mold according to claim 10 wherein the hot runner systemconsists only of unbalanced hot runners.